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打(da)造高效安全(quan)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)管理 | 基(ji)于ACM32 MCU的(de)兩輪車充電(dian)樁(zhuang)方案(an)
隨著城(cheng)(cheng)市化進程(cheng)的(de)加(jia)快、人們生活水(shui)平(ping)的(de)提高(gao)和節(jie)能環保(bao)理(li)念的(de)普(pu)及(ji)，越來越多的(de)人選(xuan)擇了(le)電(dian)動車(che)作(zuo)為代步工具，而兩(liang)輪電(dian)動車(che)的(de)出行半徑較(jiao)短，需要頻繁(fan)充(chong)電(dian)，因此在城(cheng)(cheng)市中(zhong)設置兩(liang)輪車(che)充(chong)電(dian)樁就非常有(you)必(bi)要了(le)。城(cheng)(cheng)市中(zhong)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)樁不僅能解(jie)決兩(liang)輪車(che)充(chong)電(dian)難、亂擺放的(de)問題，而且能夠更大限度的(de)保(bao)證了(le)用戶的(de)充(chong)電(dian)安全，有(you)效降低了(le)充(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)火災事故的(de)發生。
兩輪車(che)充(chong)電樁解決方案
上海航(hang)芯(xin)的(de)(de)兩輪車充電樁解決(jue)方(fang)案以ACM32F403RET7為主(zhu)控芯(xin)片，該(gai)方(fang)案包含了電源模塊(kuai)、控制模塊(kuai)、顯示模塊(kuai)、通(tong)(tong)訊模塊(kuai)等。ACM32F403主(zhu)頻高達180MHz，帶(dai)兩路CAN接(jie)口(kou)，可(ke)與BMS通(tong)(tong)信，讀取電池(chi)相(xiang)關信息(xi)，帶(dai)四路高速QSPI接(jie)口(kou)，實現與NFC模塊(kuai)的(de)(de)高效(xiao)通(tong)(tong)信，另(ling)外帶(dai)串口(kou)、32bit Timer、IO等豐(feng)富的(de)(de)外設資源，很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)滿足了產品的(de)(de)功能需求，方(fang)案框圖如(ru)下所示：
充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁電(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)輸入220V交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過可控硅、功率MOS管、繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)等開(kai)關器(qi)件，控制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)通(tong)斷，為了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)安(an)全，往(wang)往(wang)會在電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)增加電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢測以監測充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)變化，實現過流(liu)(liu)保護(hu)、空載(zai)保護(hu)、充(chong)(chong)滿自停等，常見(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢測方法(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)阻采樣(yang)、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)采樣(yang)、霍爾元件采樣(yang)，一(yi)般(ban)情況(kuang)多采樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)阻采樣(yang)。
通訊(xun)方面(mian)搭配(pei)了(le)4G模塊和(he)NFC模塊，主控(kong)芯片通過(guo)UART與4G模塊通信，連接到(dao)后臺的充(chong)電管理系統，將實(shi)時(shi)的充(chong)電狀態同步到(dao)后臺，也可在(zai)APP上(shang)操作，遠程控(kong)制充(chong)電的開啟和(he)停止。同時(shi)也支持NFC刷卡，通過(guo)SPI快(kuai)速檢卡，識別(bie)持卡用戶，認證成功后進行扣費開啟充(chong)電。
BMS（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理系統）主(zhu)要是(shi)監控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的工作狀態（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度）、預(yu)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（SOC）和相應的剩(sheng)余(yu)行駛里(li)程，進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理以避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)、過(guo)(guo)放、過(guo)(guo)熱和單(dan)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不平(ping)衡(heng)的現象(xiang)，從(cong)而最大(da)限度的發(fa)(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的循(xun)環(huan)壽命。系統預(yu)留了CAN接口(kou)，以便在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中，BMS可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC等信息(xi)）定時發(fa)(fa)送(song)給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，從(cong)而改(gai)變充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)策略(lve)、為調整(zheng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數提供參考，在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束后(hou)，BMS將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成的信息(xi)通過(guo)(guo)CAN總線發(fa)(fa)送(song)至(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，從(cong)而切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，完成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
