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打造高效(xiao)安(an)全的(de)電池(chi)管理 | 基于ACM32 MCU的(de)兩輪車充電樁(zhuang)方案
隨著城市(shi)化進程的(de)加快、人們(men)生活水平(ping)的(de)提高和節能環保(bao)理念(nian)的(de)普及，越來越多的(de)人選擇了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)作為代步工具，而(er)兩(liang)(liang)輪電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)的(de)出(chu)行半徑較(jiao)短(duan)，需要(yao)頻繁充電(dian)(dian)，因此在(zai)城市(shi)中設(she)置兩(liang)(liang)輪車(che)充電(dian)(dian)樁就非常(chang)有(you)必要(yao)了(le)(le)。城市(shi)中的(de)充電(dian)(dian)樁不(bu)僅能解(jie)決兩(liang)(liang)輪車(che)充電(dian)(dian)難、亂擺放的(de)問題，而(er)且能夠(gou)更大限(xian)度的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)(le)用戶的(de)充電(dian)(dian)安全，有(you)效降低了(le)(le)充電(dian)(dian)過程火災(zai)事(shi)故的(de)發生。
兩輪車充電樁(zhuang)解決方案
上海航芯的(de)兩(liang)輪(lun)車充電樁解決方案(an)以(yi)ACM32F403RET7為主控(kong)芯片(pian)，該方案(an)包含了電源模(mo)塊(kuai)、控(kong)制(zhi)模(mo)塊(kuai)、顯示模(mo)塊(kuai)、通(tong)訊(xun)模(mo)塊(kuai)等(deng)。ACM32F403主頻高達180MHz，帶(dai)兩(liang)路(lu)CAN接口，可與(yu)BMS通(tong)信(xin)，讀取電池(chi)相關信(xin)息，帶(dai)四路(lu)高速QSPI接口，實現與(yu)NFC模(mo)塊(kuai)的(de)高效通(tong)信(xin)，另外(wai)帶(dai)串口、32bit Timer、IO等(deng)豐富的(de)外(wai)設資源，很好的(de)滿足(zu)了產(chan)品的(de)功(gong)能(neng)需求，方案(an)框(kuang)圖如下所示：
充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)輸入220V交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過可控硅、功率MOS管、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器等(deng)開關器件(jian)，控制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的通(tong)斷，為了充電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全，往往會(hui)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檢測以監測充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的變化(hua)，實(shi)現過流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)、空載保(bao)護(hu)、充滿自(zi)停(ting)等(deng)，常(chang)見的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檢測方法(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采樣(yang)(yang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)互感器采樣(yang)(yang)、霍爾(er)元件(jian)采樣(yang)(yang)，一般(ban)情況多(duo)采樣(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采樣(yang)(yang)。
通訊(xun)方面搭配了(le)4G模塊(kuai)(kuai)和NFC模塊(kuai)(kuai)，主控(kong)芯片通過UART與4G模塊(kuai)(kuai)通信，連接到后(hou)臺的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理系統，將實時的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態同步到后(hou)臺，也(ye)可(ke)在APP上(shang)操作，遠程(cheng)控(kong)制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)開啟和停止。同時也(ye)支持(chi)NFC刷(shua)卡，通過SPI快速(su)檢(jian)卡，識別(bie)持(chi)卡用戶，認證成功后(hou)進行(xing)扣費開啟充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
BMS（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統(tong)）主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)監控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)工(gong)作狀態（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫(wen)度）、預測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)（SOC）和相應的(de)(de)剩余行(xing)駛里程，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理(li)以(yi)避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)、過放、過熱和單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不平衡的(de)(de)現象，從(cong)而最大限度的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)循環壽命(ming)。系統(tong)預留(liu)了(le)CAN接口，以(yi)便在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，BMS可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數(shu)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC等信息）定時發(fa)(fa)送給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，從(cong)而改變充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)策(ce)略、為(wei)調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數(shu)提供參考，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)后，BMS將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成的(de)(de)信息通(tong)過CAN總線發(fa)(fa)送至充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，從(cong)而切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，完成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
