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打造(zao)高效安全的電池管理 | 基于ACM32 MCU的兩輪車充電樁方(fang)案(an)
隨著城(cheng)市(shi)化進程(cheng)的加快、人(ren)們生活水平的提高和節(jie)能(neng)環保理念(nian)的普及，越(yue)來越(yue)多的人(ren)選擇了(le)(le)(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)作為代步工具，而兩輪電(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)的出行(xing)半徑較(jiao)短，需要(yao)頻繁充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，因此(ci)在城(cheng)市(shi)中(zhong)設置兩輪車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁就非常有必要(yao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。城(cheng)市(shi)中(zhong)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁不僅能(neng)解決兩輪車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)難、亂擺放的問題，而且(qie)能(neng)夠更大限度的保證了(le)(le)(le)(le)用戶的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)安全，有效降低了(le)(le)(le)(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)火(huo)災事故(gu)的發生。
兩輪車(che)充電(dian)樁解決方案(an)
上海航芯的兩輪(lun)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)樁解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案以ACM32F403RET7為主控芯片，該方(fang)案包含了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)、控制模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)、顯示模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)、通訊模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)等。ACM32F403主頻高(gao)達(da)180MHz，帶(dai)兩路(lu)CAN接口(kou)，可(ke)與BMS通信(xin)，讀取電(dian)(dian)池(chi)相關信(xin)息，帶(dai)四路(lu)高(gao)速QSPI接口(kou)，實現與NFC模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)的高(gao)效通信(xin)，另(ling)外(wai)帶(dai)串(chuan)口(kou)、32bit Timer、IO等豐富的外(wai)設(she)資(zi)源(yuan)，很(hen)好(hao)的滿(man)足了(le)(le)產(chan)品(pin)的功能需求，方(fang)案框(kuang)圖如(ru)下所示：
充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)輸入(ru)220V交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通過(guo)可控硅、功(gong)率MOS管、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器等開關器件，控制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)通斷，為(wei)了充電(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)全，往往會(hui)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測以監測充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)變化，實現(xian)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保護(hu)(hu)、空(kong)載保護(hu)(hu)、充滿自停等，常見(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測方法(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采(cai)樣、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互感器采(cai)樣、霍爾(er)元件采(cai)樣，一般情況多(duo)采(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采(cai)樣。
通訊方面搭配了4G模塊(kuai)和NFC模塊(kuai)，主控(kong)(kong)芯片通過(guo)UART與(yu)4G模塊(kuai)通信，連接到后(hou)臺(tai)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)管理系統，將實(shi)時的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態同(tong)步到后(hou)臺(tai)，也可在(zai)APP上操作(zuo)，遠程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的開啟(qi)和停止(zhi)。同(tong)時也支(zhi)持NFC刷卡(ka)(ka)，通過(guo)SPI快(kuai)速檢卡(ka)(ka)，識別持卡(ka)(ka)用戶，認證(zheng)成功后(hou)進行(xing)扣(kou)費開啟(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
BMS（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統）主(zhu)要是監(jian)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀態（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度）、預(yu)(yu)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（SOC）和相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)剩余行駛里程，進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理以避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、過放、過熱和單節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不平衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)現象，從(cong)(cong)而最大限度的(de)(de)(de)發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循環壽命。系(xi)統預(yu)(yu)留了(le)CAN接(jie)口(kou)，以便(bian)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，BMS可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC等信息）定時發送(song)給(gei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，從(cong)(cong)而改變(bian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)策略、為調(diao)整(zheng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數提供參考(kao)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)，BMS將充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完(wan)成的(de)(de)(de)信息通(tong)過CAN總(zong)線發送(song)至充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，從(cong)(cong)而切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，完(wan)成充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
