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打造高效安全的電池管理 | 基于ACM32 MCU的兩輪(lun)車充(chong)電樁方案
隨著城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)進程的(de)(de)(de)加快、人們生活水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)提高和節能環保(bao)理念的(de)(de)(de)普及，越來越多的(de)(de)(de)人選擇了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)作為代(dai)步(bu)工(gong)具，而兩(liang)輪(lun)(lun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)的(de)(de)(de)出行半徑較(jiao)短，需要(yao)頻繁充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，因(yin)此在城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)設置兩(liang)輪(lun)(lun)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)就(jiu)非常有(you)必(bi)要(yao)了(le)。城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)不(bu)僅(jin)能解決(jue)兩(liang)輪(lun)(lun)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)難(nan)、亂擺放的(de)(de)(de)問題，而且能夠更大(da)限度的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)用戶的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全，有(you)效降低了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程火(huo)災事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生。
兩輪車(che)充(chong)電樁解(jie)決方案
上(shang)海航芯的兩輪車充電樁(zhuang)解(jie)決方(fang)(fang)案以ACM32F403RET7為(wei)主控芯片，該方(fang)(fang)案包含了電源(yuan)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)、控制模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)、顯(xian)示模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)、通訊模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)等。ACM32F403主頻高達180MHz，帶(dai)兩路CAN接口，可與(yu)BMS通信，讀取電池相關信息，帶(dai)四路高速QSPI接口，實現與(yu)NFC模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)的高效通信，另外帶(dai)串口、32bit Timer、IO等豐富的外設資源(yuan)，很好的滿(man)足(zu)了產品的功(gong)能(neng)需求，方(fang)(fang)案框圖如下所(suo)示：
充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中輸入220V交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通過(guo)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅、功(gong)率MOS管、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器等開關器件(jian)，控(kong)(kong)制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)通斷，為了充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安全，往往會在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測以監(jian)測充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)變化(hua)，實(shi)現過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)、空載保(bao)護(hu)、充滿自(zi)停等，常見的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測方(fang)法有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)采樣(yang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器采樣(yang)、霍爾(er)元件(jian)采樣(yang)，一般(ban)情況(kuang)多采樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)采樣(yang)。
通(tong)訊方面搭配了4G模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)和(he)(he)NFC模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)，主控芯片通(tong)過(guo)UART與4G模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)通(tong)信，連(lian)接(jie)到后(hou)臺的(de)充(chong)電(dian)管(guan)理系統，將實時的(de)充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態同步(bu)到后(hou)臺，也可(ke)在APP上操(cao)作，遠程控制充(chong)電(dian)的(de)開(kai)啟和(he)(he)停(ting)止。同時也支持NFC刷卡，通(tong)過(guo)SPI快速檢卡，識(shi)別持卡用戶，認證成功后(hou)進行扣費開(kai)啟充(chong)電(dian)。
BMS（電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理系統）主(zhu)要是監(jian)控電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作狀態（電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和(he)溫(wen)度）、預測電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余電(dian)量（SOC）和(he)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余行駛里程(cheng)，進行電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理以避免電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過充(chong)(chong)、過放、過熱(re)和(he)單節電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓不平(ping)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)，從(cong)而最大(da)限度的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環壽(shou)命。系統預留(liu)了CAN接口，以便在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過程(cheng)中，BMS可(ke)將電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)參(can)數（電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、SOC等信息(xi)）定時發(fa)送給充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機，從(cong)而改變充(chong)(chong)電(dian)策略、為調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)參(can)數提供參(can)考，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)結束后(hou)，BMS將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)通過CAN總線(xian)發(fa)送至充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機，從(cong)而切斷電(dian)源，完成充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。
