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打造(zao)高效(xiao)安全的電池管理 | 基于ACM32 MCU的兩輪車充(chong)電樁(zhuang)方(fang)案
隨著城(cheng)市化(hua)進程的(de)(de)加快、人們生活水平的(de)(de)提高和節(jie)能環(huan)保(bao)理念的(de)(de)普及，越來越多的(de)(de)人選擇了(le)電(dian)(dian)動車作為代(dai)步工(gong)具，而兩輪電(dian)(dian)動車的(de)(de)出行半徑較短，需要(yao)頻繁充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，因此在城(cheng)市中(zhong)設置兩輪車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁就非(fei)常(chang)有(you)必要(yao)了(le)。城(cheng)市中(zhong)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁不僅能解(jie)決(jue)兩輪車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)難、亂擺放的(de)(de)問(wen)題，而且能夠更大限度(du)的(de)(de)保(bao)證了(le)用戶的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)安(an)全，有(you)效降低了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程火災事故的(de)(de)發生。
兩輪車充電樁解(jie)決方(fang)案
上海航(hang)芯(xin)的(de)(de)兩(liang)輪(lun)車充(chong)電樁解決方(fang)案(an)以ACM32F403RET7為主(zhu)控芯(xin)片，該方(fang)案(an)包含了電源(yuan)模(mo)塊、控制模(mo)塊、顯示模(mo)塊、通(tong)訊模(mo)塊等(deng)。ACM32F403主(zhu)頻高(gao)達180MHz，帶兩(liang)路CAN接口(kou)，可與BMS通(tong)信(xin)，讀取電池相關(guan)信(xin)息，帶四路高(gao)速QSPI接口(kou)，實(shi)現與NFC模(mo)塊的(de)(de)高(gao)效通(tong)信(xin)，另外帶串口(kou)、32bit Timer、IO等(deng)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)外設資源(yuan)，很好的(de)(de)滿足(zu)了產品(pin)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)需求，方(fang)案(an)框圖如下所示：
充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中輸入(ru)220V交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通過可控(kong)硅、功率MOS管、繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)等開關(guan)器(qi)(qi)件，控(kong)制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的通斷，為了充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安全(quan)，往(wang)往(wang)會在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中增(zeng)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢測以監(jian)測充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的變(bian)化，實現過流保護(hu)(hu)、空載保護(hu)(hu)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)自停等，常(chang)見的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檢測方法有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采(cai)樣(yang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流互感器(qi)(qi)采(cai)樣(yang)、霍(huo)爾(er)元(yuan)件采(cai)樣(yang)，一(yi)般情況多采(cai)樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采(cai)樣(yang)。
通(tong)訊方面(mian)搭配了(le)4G模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)和(he)(he)NFC模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)，主控芯片(pian)通(tong)過UART與4G模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)通(tong)信，連接(jie)到(dao)后(hou)臺(tai)的充(chong)電(dian)管理系統，將實時的充(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態同步到(dao)后(hou)臺(tai)，也可在APP上操作，遠程控制充(chong)電(dian)的開啟和(he)(he)停止。同時也支(zhi)持(chi)NFC刷卡(ka)(ka)，通(tong)過SPI快(kuai)速檢卡(ka)(ka)，識(shi)別持(chi)卡(ka)(ka)用戶(hu)，認證(zheng)成(cheng)功后(hou)進行扣費開啟充(chong)電(dian)。
BMS（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統）主(zhu)要(yao)是監控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)工作狀態（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)溫度）、預測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量（SOC）和(he)相應的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)余行(xing)駛里程，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管理(li)以(yi)避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)充、過(guo)(guo)(guo)放、過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱和(he)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不平衡的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)，從(cong)而(er)最大限度的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮(hui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環壽命。系統預留了(le)CAN接(jie)口，以(yi)便在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中，BMS可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC等信息）定時發(fa)送(song)給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，從(cong)而(er)改變充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)策(ce)略(lve)、為調(diao)整充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數提供(gong)參考，在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后，BMS將充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)信息通過(guo)(guo)(guo)CAN總線發(fa)送(song)至充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，從(cong)而(er)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，完成(cheng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
