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打造高效安全的電池管理(li) | 基于ACM32 MCU的兩輪車充電樁方案(an)

隨著城市化進程的(de)(de)加快、人們生(sheng)(sheng)活水(shui)平的(de)(de)提高和節能環保理念的(de)(de)普及，越來越多的(de)(de)人選擇了電(dian)動(dong)車(che)作為代步工(gong)具，而兩輪(lun)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)出行半徑較短，需要(yao)頻繁(fan)充電(dian)，因此(ci)在城市中設置兩輪(lun)車(che)充電(dian)樁(zhuang)就(jiu)非常有必要(yao)了。城市中的(de)(de)充電(dian)樁(zhuang)不僅能解決兩輪(lun)車(che)充電(dian)難(nan)、亂擺放的(de)(de)問題(ti)，而且能夠更大限度的(de)(de)保證了用戶的(de)(de)充電(dian)安全，有效降低了充電(dian)過(guo)程火(huo)災事故的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)。

兩輪車充電樁解決方案(an)

上海航芯(xin)(xin)的兩輪車(che)充電(dian)樁解(jie)決方(fang)案以ACM32F403RET7為主控芯(xin)(xin)片，該方(fang)案包含了電(dian)源模塊、控制模塊、顯示(shi)模塊、通(tong)訊模塊等(deng)。ACM32F403主頻高達(da)180MHz，帶(dai)兩路CAN接口(kou)(kou)，可與BMS通(tong)信，讀取電(dian)池相關信息，帶(dai)四路高速QSPI接口(kou)(kou)，實現與NFC模塊的高效通(tong)信，另(ling)外帶(dai)串口(kou)(kou)、32bit Timer、IO等(deng)豐(feng)富的外設資源，很好(hao)的滿(man)足了產品的功能需求，方(fang)案框圖如下(xia)所(suo)示(shi)：

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中輸入220V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過(guo)可控(kong)硅、功率MOS管(guan)、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)等開關器(qi)件，控(kong)制(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的通(tong)斷，為(wei)了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全，往往會在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測以監測充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的變(bian)化，實現過(guo)流(liu)保護、空(kong)載保護、充(chong)滿自停等，常見的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測方法有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采樣(yang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)采樣(yang)、霍(huo)爾元件采樣(yang)，一般情況(kuang)多采樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采樣(yang)。

通訊方面搭配了4G模(mo)塊和NFC模(mo)塊，主控(kong)芯片(pian)通過(guo)UART與(yu)4G模(mo)塊通信，連接到后(hou)臺的(de)充(chong)電管理系統，將實(shi)時(shi)的(de)充(chong)電狀(zhuang)態(tai)同(tong)步到后(hou)臺，也(ye)可在APP上操作，遠程(cheng)控(kong)制充(chong)電的(de)開啟(qi)和停止。同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)支持(chi)(chi)NFC刷卡，通過(guo)SPI快(kuai)速檢卡，識別持(chi)(chi)卡用(yong)戶(hu)，認證成功后(hou)進行(xing)扣費(fei)開啟(qi)充(chong)電。

BMS（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)系統）主要(yao)是監(jian)控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)工作狀態（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)溫(wen)度(du)）、預測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)（SOC）和(he)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)剩余行駛里程(cheng)，進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)以避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)充、過(guo)放、過(guo)熱和(he)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不平衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang)，從而最(zui)大限度(du)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環壽命。系統預留了(le)CAN接口，以便(bian)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，BMS可(ke)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數(shu)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC等信息）定時發(fa)送給充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，從而改(gai)變充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)策略(lve)、為調整充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數(shu)提供參考，在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后，BMS將(jiang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成的(de)(de)(de)信息通過(guo)CAN總線發(fa)送至充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，從而切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，完成充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。