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打造高效安(an)全的電池管理(li) | 基于ACM32 MCU的兩輪車充電樁方案(an)
隨著城(cheng)市化(hua)進程(cheng)的(de)加快、人(ren)們生活(huo)水平(ping)的(de)提高和(he)節(jie)能環保(bao)理(li)念的(de)普及，越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多的(de)人(ren)選擇(ze)了(le)(le)電動(dong)(dong)車作為代步工具，而兩(liang)輪電動(dong)(dong)車的(de)出(chu)行半徑(jing)較短，需要頻繁充電，因此在城(cheng)市中(zhong)設(she)置兩(liang)輪車充電樁(zhuang)就非常(chang)有必(bi)要了(le)(le)。城(cheng)市中(zhong)的(de)充電樁(zhuang)不僅(jin)能解決兩(liang)輪車充電難、亂擺(bai)放的(de)問(wen)題，而且(qie)能夠更大(da)限度的(de)保(bao)證了(le)(le)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)充電安(an)全(quan)，有效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)充電過程(cheng)火災事(shi)故(gu)的(de)發生。
兩(liang)輪車充電樁(zhuang)解決(jue)方(fang)案
上海航芯(xin)的兩輪車(che)充(chong)電(dian)樁解(jie)決方案(an)以ACM32F403RET7為主控(kong)芯(xin)片，該方案(an)包含了(le)(le)電(dian)源模塊(kuai)、控(kong)制模塊(kuai)、顯示模塊(kuai)、通(tong)訊模塊(kuai)等。ACM32F403主頻高達180MHz，帶(dai)兩路CAN接(jie)口(kou)，可與(yu)BMS通(tong)信，讀取電(dian)池相關信息，帶(dai)四路高速QSPI接(jie)口(kou)，實(shi)現與(yu)NFC模塊(kuai)的高效通(tong)信，另外帶(dai)串口(kou)、32bit Timer、IO等豐(feng)富的外設資源，很(hen)好(hao)的滿足了(le)(le)產品的功能需求，方案(an)框圖如(ru)下(xia)所(suo)示：
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中輸入220V交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過可控硅、功率MOS管、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)等開(kai)關器(qi)件，控制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的通(tong)斷，為了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)全，往往會在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測以(yi)監測充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的變化，實(shi)現過流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)、空(kong)載保(bao)護(hu)、充(chong)滿自(zi)停等，常(chang)見(jian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測方法有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采(cai)樣、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)采(cai)樣、霍爾元件采(cai)樣，一般情況多采(cai)樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻采(cai)樣。
通(tong)訊方面搭(da)配了4G模(mo)塊和NFC模(mo)塊，主控(kong)芯片通(tong)過UART與4G模(mo)塊通(tong)信，連接到后臺的(de)充(chong)電管理系統，將(jiang)實時的(de)充(chong)電狀(zhuang)態同步到后臺，也(ye)可在APP上操作，遠(yuan)程控(kong)制充(chong)電的(de)開啟和停(ting)止(zhi)。同時也(ye)支持(chi)(chi)NFC刷(shua)卡，通(tong)過SPI快速檢卡，識別持(chi)(chi)卡用戶(hu)，認證成功后進行扣費開啟充(chong)電。
BMS（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系統）主要(yao)是監控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)工作狀態（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度(du)）、預測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)（SOC）和相應的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)余行駛里程，進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理以(yi)避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)充(chong)、過(guo)放、過(guo)熱和單節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不平衡(heng)的(de)(de)(de)現象，從而(er)(er)(er)最(zui)大限度(du)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)循環壽命。系統預留(liu)了CAN接(jie)口，以(yi)便在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，BMS可將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC等(deng)信息）定時發(fa)(fa)送(song)給充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，從而(er)(er)(er)改變充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)策略、為調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)參數提(ti)供參考，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束后，BMS將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)完成的(de)(de)(de)信息通過(guo)CAN總線(xian)發(fa)(fa)送(song)至充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，從而(er)(er)(er)切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，完成充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
